Metabolic disorders encompass a wide range of conditions that affect various aspects of metabolism, the biochemical processes that sustain life by converting food into energy and essential molecules needed for cellular function. Here’s an overview of some major types of metabolic disorders:

1. Diabetes Mellitus:

   • Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insufficient insulin production.
   • Type 2 Diabetes: Characterized by insulin resistance, where cells fail to respond effectively to insulin, and eventually, insulin production may decrease.

2. Lipid Metabolism Disorders:

   • Hyperlipidemia: Elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
   • Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Inherited disorder resulting in high levels of LDL cholesterol due to mutations in genes involved in cholesterol metabolism.

3. Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders:

   • breakdown and glucose production, leading to hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly.
   • Pompe Disease: Deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme, causing the buildup of glycogen in lysosomes, leading to muscle weakness and organ enlargement.
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